Must the financial entitlements inherited by the children from their father be redistributed after they have been legally divided and everyone has accepted the division, then some of the heirs objected after a period, demanding their redistribution according to what a governmental body decided?

The amount of insurance deducted from your father's salary or that he paid to the insurance company is part of the estate and is to be divided among the heirs according to the Sharia (definition) division, because they only have a right to the amount paid by the deceased. This is unless it was cooperative insurance, in which case it is permissible to take the full amount.