Is investing in a food company for a 10% monthly profit, with the percentage increasing every two months, permissible or impermissible, in order to avoid falling into usury?

It is not permissible for your share to be 10% of the capital, because that is usury (riba). Rather, it is permissible for it to be from the profit. This is called Mudarabah (definition) (profit-sharing partnership), and its conditions are that the profit be a percentage of the profits, not of the capital, and that the capital not be guaranteed. So, if the profit were 20,0 from a capital of 100,0, then taking 10% of the capital (10,0) is usury. However, taking 10% of the profits (2,0) is permissible.