Are the 6% fees imposed on stock trading operations, part of which is distributed to shareholders and the other part spent on employee salaries and advertising, considered usury (riba), gambling (qimar), or unlawful (haram)? Is it permissible to benefit from the profits generated from the sale of these stocks?

It is permissible to trade in pure shares whose company's activity is permissible and does not deal with usury. However, it is forbidden to trade in forbidden shares (those with forbidden activity) and mixed shares (those whose activity is permissible but deal with usury).

It is permissible to trade shares through companies that charge fees for brokerage and enabling trading, unless the company operates on a margin system. This system allows the client to trade with more than their balance, which is forbidden by Sharia (definition). This is because it involves combining a loan and an exchange, and it is considered akin to combining a loan and a sale, which is prohibited. It falls under the principle: "Every loan that draws a benefit is usury that is forbidden."

As for the company distributing a portion of the percentage to shareholders, this is permissible and is considered an incentive gift, not gambling.