Is the financial transaction conducted by financial institutions that distribute their assets as shares and grant the participant a certain profit from the value of the share (capital) during limited time periods permissible?

Trading and purchasing company shares are permissible speculative investments under certain conditions. The most important condition is that the profit must be a shared, non-fixed amount. It is also a condition for their permissibility that the company's dealings be lawful and that it does not deposit its funds in interest-based banks.