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The question

When should the two rak'ahs of Fajr (Sunnah) be prayed if the worshiper enters the mosque and the congregational prayer has already begun: Is it after the congregation and before sunrise, or after sunrise?

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Source: FtawySummary from Ftawy's records · added here Sep 2, 20261 min readAlso available in العربية
The answer

If you catch the congregational prayer before performing the Ratibah (supererogatory) prayer of Fajr, then pray with them, and then pray the (supererogatory) prayer of Fajr. There is no harm in that. Evidence for its permissibility is the Prophet's—peace and blessings be upon him—affirmation to Qais ibn Fahd—may Allah be pleased with him—when he saw him praying the two rak'ahs of Fajr after the Fajr prayer. It is preferable to pray them after sunrise, due to his—peace and blessings be upon him—saying: "Whoever has not prayed the two rak'ahs of Fajr, let him pray them after the sun rises."

Summary from Ftawy's records · added here

Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.

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Where this answer came from
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Ftawy
Original fatwa ID
31871
Added here
. This is when the answer was added to El Fatwa, not the fatwa's date.
Text
Summary from Ftawy's records, reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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Read the full answer on Ftawy