Is it permissible for a Muslim doctor in Europe to miss the Friday prayer if it conflicts with his professional duties and the treatment of patients?

If the employer does not object to someone attending Friday prayer even if they have no excuse, then there is no harm in accepting this job. In this case, there is no difference between working with this employer and permissible travel that leads to missing Friday prayer or congregational prayer, or performing prayer with tayammum (definition). There is no disagreement among scholars regarding the permissibility of traveling before Friday.