Who are the companions of Al-Shawkani to whom he referred with his saying: "And it is an anomalous view narrated from some of our companions," especially since he is known to be without a madhhab?

This phrase was mentioned by Al-Shawkani in "Nayl al-Awtar," quoting Al-Nawawi, and Al-Nawawi, by "some of our companions," means the Shafi'is. As for your statement that Al-Shawkani had no madhab, it is inaccurate. Al-Shawkani grew up in a Zaidi environment, then differed from the madhab in many issues after his knowledge was complete. He held the view of prohibiting taqlid (definition) (blind following) and advocated following the دليل (proof), and he was a supporter of the Sunnah (definition) and a follower of the دليل.