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The question

What is the historical evidence to refute the misconception that the Monk's Lake knew the Prophet, peace be upon him, and how do we respond to those who claim there is a scientific error in the Quran in His saying, the Almighty: "And by the sun and its brightness; And [by] the moon when it follows it; And [by] the day when it displays it"?

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Source: FtawySummarized from the full answer at Ftawy · imported Sep 2, 20261 min readAlso available in العربية
The answer

Previously, the invalidity of the Prophet Muhammad's, peace and blessings be upon him, reception (of knowledge) from Bahira the monk was explained. As for the objection regarding the verse about the sun, it is refuted by stating that the succession of night and day results from the Earth's rotation on its own axis, and the appearance of the sun during the day is what makes us see it. Ibn Ashour mentioned that attributing revelation (tajliyah) to the day and concealment (ghashy) to the night is a metaphorical attribution (majaz aqli), and the true concealer is the Earth's spherical shape and its rotation.

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Original fatwa ID
67885
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