What are the rulings pertaining to abortion at its various stages?
The rulings regarding miscarriage vary depending on the stage at which the miscarriage occurs:
1. The first two stages (nutfa and 'alaqa - up to 80 days): There are no specific rulings associated with its miscarriage. The woman continues her fasting and prayers, and performs ablution for each prayer if blood appears.
2. The third stage (mudgha - 81 to 120 days): If there is no apparent or hidden human form: There are no specific rulings associated with it. If there is an apparent or hidden human form: The rulings of (postnatal bleeding) and the expiry of the ' (waiting period) apply.
3. The fourth stage (after the ensoulment - from 121 days onwards): If it does not cry out upon birth: The rulings of nifas and the expiry of the 'iddah apply, in addition to (ritual bathing), shrouding, offering the funeral prayer, naming, and ' (sacrifice for a newborn). If it cries out upon birth: It has all the rulings of a newborn, including inheritance and ownership rights.
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