What are the rights related to inheritance, with details and evidence for them from the the Qur’an and Sunnah?
The rights related to a deceased person's estate are arranged into five categories according to priority when funds are limited:
1. Funeral Expenses: These include the cost of the shroud, washing, and burial, and take precedence over all other rights.
2. Debts Related to the Estate Itself: Such as mortgaged property, these take precedence over unsecured debts.
3. Unsecured Debts: These include human rights like loans and dowry, and the rights of Allah such as expiations, , Hajj, and . The rights of Allah take precedence over the rights of humans, as the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: "The debt owed to Allah is more worthy of being fulfilled."
4. The Deceased's Bequest (): This is executable from one-third of the wealth for non-heirs, and comes after debts, as Allah Almighty says: "after any bequest he may have made or any debt."
5. Rights of the Deceased's Heirs: These come last, after all previous rights have been fulfilled, as Allah Almighty says: "Allah instructs you concerning your children."
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