What is the ruling on commercial dealings with the Rafidah? Is it permissible to buy and sell from them and to enter into commercial transactions with them? Does the view on whether or not they are to be declared disbelievers have an impact on the permissibility or prohibition of such dealings?

Commercial dealings with Muslims and non-Muslims are permissible as long as the contract fulfills the Shariah requirements and does not include anything prohibited. This is evidenced by the dealings of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and his Companions with the Jews and polytheists. Whoever deals with the righteous with the intention of benefiting them will be rewarded for their intention. And if severing ties with a disbelieving or misguided group weakens their influence without harm, and an alternative is found, then that is permissible and desirable.