What is the ruling on one who does not follow a specific jurisprudential school of thought (madhhab)? Is he obligated to follow a particular madhhab, or the consensus of jurists, or a madhhab imposed by the ruler?

People vary in their understanding and ability to deduce Shariah rulings. Some are permitted to follow a madhhab (definition) (taqleed), and for some it is even obligatory, while others are obliged to follow the evidence. A student of knowledge capable of distinguishing between different opinions is obliged to act upon what is most preponderant. As for someone who is not qualified, they are obliged to follow a madhhab, and should ask the people of knowledge and follow the one whom they find to be best in knowledge and piety. They are not obliged to adhere to a specific madhhab. Those who exert effort (mujtahidun) in deriving Shariah rulings are rewarded, whether they are correct or mistaken. It is not permissible for someone capable of deducing rulings from the Quran and Sunnah (definition) to follow a madhhab in matters where they believe the truth to be otherwise. However, it is permissible for someone who lacks the ability to deduce rulings to follow someone whose emulation brings peace to their heart. The sayings of the Imams are not to be followed in all circumstances and at all times, because they may err. Rather, the truth from their sayings, which is supported by evidence, is to be followed.