Is ghusl required if intercourse occurs with a barrier?

Ghusl (ritual bath) becomes obligatory if semen is discharged. However, if there is no discharge, scholars have differed on three opinions:

1. Ghusl is obligatory for both men and women in all cases, regardless of whether the barrier is thick or thin. This is the view of the Shafi'i school. 2. Ghusl is not obligatory at all. This is the view of the Hanbali school, because no contact (intercourse) occurred due to the presence of the barrier. 3. Ghusl is obligatory if the barrier is thin, allowing one to feel heat and pleasure; otherwise, it is not. This is the view of the Maliki school, and it is the closest and most cautious opinion according to Ibn 'Uthaymeen.