What is the ruling on one who says that the parents of the Prophet are believers and curses whoever declares them disbelievers, and that Azar mentioned in Surat Al-An'am is Ibrahim's uncle and not his father, and that Ibrahim's father is a Muslim, along with a question about the ruling on one who says this is an ijtihad (independent reasoning), and how does the prophets' seeking forgiveness for non-believers align with the disbelief of one who seeks forgiveness for a disbeliever?

There is no basis for ruling on the faith of the Prophet’s parents, peace and blessings be upon him. The disagreement concerning their torment or forgiveness stems from their being among the Ahl al-Fatra (people of the interim period). Al-Suyuti dedicated six treatises to this issue, and in one of them, he stated that their ruling is that they are saved and not in the Fire. However, Mulla Ali al-Qari refuted al-Suyuti, mentioning that Imam Abu Hanifa said: "The parents of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, died upon disbelief."

As for Azar, regardless of whether he was Ibrahim’s father or not, the texts of the Quran, such as the verse: "It is not for the Prophet and those who have believed to ask forgiveness for polytheists, even if they were relatives," indicate his disbelief. Stating this is not a denial of the Quran, but rather an error in understanding it.

The Prophet's seeking forgiveness for the chief of the hypocrites was before the explicit prohibition in the verse: "And never (O Muhammad) pray (funerary prayer) for anyone of them who dies, nor stand by his grave." The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, prayed over him out of respect for his son Abdullah and for the sake of conciliating his people, and so that people would not say that Muhammad kills his companions. The confusion is cleared by understanding that the explicit prohibition came after this incident.

It is important to be mindful of the seriousness and precision required when discussing takfir (declaring someone a disbeliever) and the harm of waswasa (obsessive whispering) in these matters.