Does divorce occur if the husband says to his wife via instant message: "Either you breastfeed the child – as I told you – in a closed-off place, or else: you are divorced," knowing that he did not intend divorce but rather admonishment, and that she complied with his command?

Most scholars believe that a conditional divorce occurs when the condition is met, regardless of whether the husband intended divorce, emphasis, or threat. Therefore, since your wife obeyed you, you have fulfilled your oath, and no divorce has occurred.

As for the future, the fatwa we adhere to is that if your wife disobeys your command (to breastfeed the child in a closed room where no men can see her), her divorce occurs, unless your intention was restricted to a specific place. If you did not have a specific intention, then the reason that prompted the oath should be considered, which is your dislike of anyone seeing her while she is breastfeeding. Thus, wherever her modesty is preserved, you have fulfilled your oath.

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah holds that swearing by divorce and making it conditional with the intention of emphasis does not cause a divorce to occur if the oath is broken; rather, the one who swore must pay expiation for breaking an oath.

It is obligatory for the wife to obey her husband in what is permissible, and this includes covering herself while breastfeeding the child so that no non-mahram man sees her 'awrah (private parts). This is part of the commendable jealousy.