Is it permissible for a Muslim to borrow from banks to establish industrial projects and employ workers, taking into account that contemporary societies are not governed by Islamic Sharia?

Borrowing with interest is usury (riba), and it is one of the gravest sins. It is impermissible for a Muslim to engage in it except in a case of dire necessity. Societies today have not reached the level of dire necessity that would permit engaging in usury. What is permissible (halal) is still available, even if it involves some difficulty. Dealing with usury is permissible when necessity is genuinely met, for each person according to their individual circumstances.