Is expiation required of a woman who miscarried due to unknowingly taking an herb that causes miscarriage, or due to physical exertion that led to uterine prolapse, or because her child jumped on her abdomen while she was unaware of the pregnancy? And what is the Sharia ruling in these cases?

If a woman's actions lead to the miscarriage of her fetus, she is liable for a 'ghurrah', which is one-tenth of her mother's blood money, and this is borne by the 'Aqilah' (male relatives on the father's side). She is also obligated to perform expiation—emancipating a slave or fasting for two consecutive months—if the miscarriage was due to her deliberate action, such as taking medication. However, if the miscarriage was caused by the action of someone not legally accountable (like a child), she is not required to perform expiation.