Is it permissible for a Muslim residing in a non-Islamic country to participate in parliamentary elections?

The issue of Muslim participation in elections is subject to a balance between benefits and harms. If the benefits outweigh the harms, participation is permissible. If the harms outweigh the benefits, it is not permissible. This ruling varies depending on the country, systems, and individuals. The Islamic Fiqh Council has decided that it is permissible for a Muslim to participate in parliamentary elections and the like in non-Islamic countries due to the prevalence of overriding benefits, such as presenting the correct image of Islam, defending Muslim issues, achieving gains for minorities, and enhancing their role. This is conditional on the participant intending to achieve benefits for Muslims and ward off harms from them, having a strong presumption that their participation will lead to positive outcomes, and ensuring that it does not entail compromising their religion.