Is there a hadith stating that the faith of some is not valid except through wealth, others through poverty, others through health, and still others through illness?

The aforementioned Hadith is very weak and not authentic. It was narrated by Al-Tabarani with the wording: "Indeed, among My believing servants are those whom nothing but wealth will reform, and were he to become poor, that would corrupt him..." Ibn Rajab Al-Hanbali clarified that its narrators are weak or unknown, and others have also ruled it to be inauthentic and very weak.