Is it permissible to say, "Astaghfirullah (I seek forgiveness from Allah)," or to perform Dhikr (remembrance of Allah), or to supplicate outside of prostration; such as saying, "Astaghfirullah" during Rukoo’ (bowing), or after reciting the Surah or verses after Al-Fatiha?

A worshiper (ma'mum) uttering a prescribed remembrance in the wrong place during prayer has two scenarios:

1. Deliberate: The prayer is not invalidated, and it does not necessitate the prostration of forgetfulness (sujud sahwi). 2. Forgetfulness: The prayer is not invalidated. Regarding the permissibility of sujud sahwi in this case, there are two opinions; if it is prescribed, it is a recommendation (nadb), not an obligation. There is no sujud sahwi required from the worshiper because the imam bears it on his behalf.

It is substantiated by fatwas 113014 and 148363 that supplication (du'a) and seeking forgiveness (istighfar) during bowing (ruku') are recommended.