Has the name Samuel been mentioned in the Holy Quran, is he the name of a Jewish prophet, and is it permissible for a Muslim woman to name her son after him?

The name Samuel is not explicitly mentioned in the Quran. However, commentators, when interpreting verse 246 of Surat Al-Baqarah, stated that the prophet mentioned therein is Samuel ("Shamuel"), based on Israelite narratives.

Regarding naming with this name, the general principle is the permissibility of naming with any name that does not have a Sharia-related impediment. Islamic law has indeed encouraged naming with the names of prophets. However, it has not been established in the Quran or Sunnah that Samuel is a prophet's name. Furthermore, its use has become widespread among Jews and Christians. Therefore, it is preferable to avoid it and to name with names more beloved to Allah, such as Abdullah and Abdur-Rahman, or with other permissible names.