Is a Muslim woman under the guardianship of her disbelieving father in marriage, and is her marriage contract invalid without his permission? And is her marriage to a Muslim without the consent of her disbelieving parents considered an act of disobedience to them? And will divine grace be withheld in this situation?

As long as the girl's father is not a Muslim, he has no guardianship over her. If all her male relatives ( عصبتها ) are disbelievers, then the one who handles her marriage is the Muslim judge, because the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "The ruler is the guardian of whoever has no guardian." If a Muslim judge is unavailable, then a trustworthy, upright Muslim man should handle her marriage. As for her marrying a Muslim without the consent of her parents, this is not considered disobedience ( عقوق ), and she is not permitted to obey her parents in marrying a disbeliever, because the marriage of a Muslim woman to a non-Muslim is invalid by consensus. Obedience to parents is only in what is good and permissible ( المعروف ).