What is the general permissibility of insurance, and what is the ruling on receiving compensation for a car accident that resulted in the vehicle's destruction and the death of its driver?

The insured is not permitted to take from insurance companies — which were not founded upon a Shari'ah-compliant methodology — more than the amount he paid in the event of a disaster. This is because the contract is invalid, and he is only entitled to his principal (original capital). This is based on the Almighty's saying: "And if you repent, you may have your principal (original capital). Do not wrong (others), and you will not be wronged."