What is the meaning of the noble verse, "And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another," in light of the reality of children paying the price for their parents' mistakes, and how should a son act to avoid that?

The meaning of the noble verse is that every human being is accountable for their own sins and burdens. Children do not bear the mistakes of their parents. The Sharia does not punish children for sins committed by their parents unless they participated in them. Similarly, the Sharia does not obligate children to pay their parents' debts, though it encourages it. If a son becomes aware of his father's mistakes, he should advise him to repent and rid himself of injustices, and frequently seek refuge [with Allah], ask Allah for well-being, pray for concealment [of sins], and for protection from being stained by his father's mistakes. If he does so, then by Allah's permission, he will not be harmed by his father's mistakes.