What is the reason for the revelation of Allah's saying: (Say to those who disbelieve: You will be overcome and gathered unto Hell, an evil resting place) in Surat Al Imran?

Ibn Kathir mentioned in his Tafsir that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, gathered the Jews of Banu Qaynuqa‘ after the Battle of Badr and invited them to Islam before they suffered what had befallen Quraysh. They replied to him saying: "Do not be deceived by the fact that you fought Quraysh, who are inexperienced in warfare. If you were to fight us, you would know that we have no equal." So, Allah revealed the noble verses: ﴿Say to those who disbelieve, 'You will be overcome and gathered to Hell, and wretched is the resting place.' There has already been for you a sign in two armies which met – one fighting in the cause of Allah and another disbelieving. They saw them [to be] twice their [own] number by [their] eyesight. And Allah supports with His victory whom He wills. Indeed in that is a lesson for those who have vision.﴾ [Al-Imran: 12-13]