Does a husband's divorce of his two wives—the first over the phone and the second in person—after a family quarrel that resulted in him cursing them, his father, and her father, take effect, especially given that he is regretful and does not want the divorce?

If you divorced your two wives while you were aware of what you were saying and not overcome by your intellect, then your divorce is effective, even if your anger was severe. This is because "divorce pronounced by someone who is angry, but has not completely lost their intellect, is effective." If the divorce was not the completion of three divorces, then you may take them back, or whichever of them you wish, before the expiry of their waiting period (iddah (definition)), without needing their consent. The revocation of divorce (raj’ah) is effected by words or by intercourse. Anger is the key to evil, and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, advised against anger, which indicates that it is the sum of evil, and avoiding it is the sum of good.