Is the expiatory penalty for killing (kaffarat al-qatl) obligatory upon the pharmacist who gave a child an injection that caused his death, after asking his family and their denial of any allergies, knowing that the pharmacist performed the diagnosis and treatment due to the shortage of medical staff?

If the professional principles of the profession require relying on the patient's or their guardians' statement regarding the absence of allergy without testing, then the pharmacist has fulfilled their duty. However, if the principles require conducting a test, then the pharmacist has erred, and it would be considered akin to accidental killing (qatl al-khata'), necessitating expiation (kaffarah) and blood money (diyah) to be paid by their 'Aqilah (male relatives responsible for paying blood money), unless forgiveness is granted, in accordance with the Almighty's saying: "It is not for a believer to kill a believer except by mistake. And whoever kills a believer by mistake – then the freeing of a believing slave and a compensation presented to his family, unless they remit it as charity." In all cases, the determination of professional error, whether proven or disproven, is referred to the competent authorities or experts.