What is the linguistic and technical meaning of Dhikr (remembrance of God) and Du'a (supplication), and what are their ethical, social, and political effects on the individual and society?

Linguistically, Dhikr (remembrance) is defined as something that is spoken, the recalling of something in the heart, or as a psychological state that enables a person to retain knowledge. It may also refer to the presence of something in the heart or speech, and it can be a remembrance after forgetting or due to continuous retention. Terminologically, Dhikr is used to mean the servant reminding his Lord of His attributes and actions, reciting His book, supplicating, and praising Him. Sometimes, it refers only to praise and glorification, which is the most common usage among jurists. Dhikr is also used in the Quran to refer to the Holy Quran, the Torah, the books of the prophets, the Prophet (peace be upon him), reputation and honor, and admonition. In the Sunnah, it refers to the Preserved Tablet (Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz).

As for Dua (supplication), linguistically it is an appeal and a request, a call and a demand. Terminologically, it is an imperative statement indicating a request with humility, and its essence is to demonstrate one's need for God and to seek His help. In the Quran, it has been mentioned with the meanings of seeking help, worship, calling, and asking from God.

Dhikr and Dua have great effects on the individual and society, including: protection from perishing, divine preservation and care, attainment of blessings and good things, security and stability, victory over enemies, elevation of ranks in the Hereafter, and tranquility and peace of mind.