What are the twelve sciences of the Arabic language, and is rhetoric one of them?
The Arabic language sciences are twelve: linguistics, morphology, grammar, semantics, clear expression (bayan), figures of speech (badi'), prosody ('arud), rhymes (qawafi), rules of writing, rules of reading, drafting letters and speeches, and lectures, which include historical accounts. Some scholars have organized these sciences. There are also various fields within them; for instance, rhetoric (balagha) encompasses semantics, clear expression, and figures of speech.
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