Does divorce occur with the statement, "I divorce you by three, you will not leave until I tell you so," with the intention of threat if the wife does not leave?

It appears that by your oath, you intended to prevent your wife from going down without your permission, whether that permission was given verbally or indicated by what implies it. As long as your wife obeyed you and did not go down without your consent, you have fulfilled your oath and have not broken it. We should point out that the lawful oath is to swear by Allah the Almighty. As for swearing by divorce, it is an oath of the immoral and may lead to undesirable consequences, especially if it is with the triple divorce formulation.