Is it better for the young man to pray in the mosque and close his father's shop, despite his father's objection and his desire for his son to pray in the shop?

If the questioner finds a congregation to pray with at the (appointed) time, then obedience to the father takes precedence, because the obligation of attending the congregation in the mosque is a matter of scholarly disagreement. However, if he does not find a congregation, he must convince his father of the necessity of going to the mosque. If he is not convinced, then obedience to him is not permissible, because congregational prayer is obligatory according to the stronger opinion, and "there is no obedience to a creature in disobedience to the Creator."