Has Islam permitted the marriage of a non-pubescent girl, and what is the meaning of verse 4 of Surat Al-Talaq if it is not permitted, and how does that reconcile with a woman's right to choose her husband, and what is its effect on the girl's psyche?

It is permissible to marry off a girl who has not reached puberty, and the noble verse is a proof of that. A woman's right to choose her husband does not contradict this, as the father acts on her behalf in choosing him. As for handing over a young girl to her husband, scholars have differed on this; the Malikis and Shafi'is believe she should not be handed over if she cannot bear intercourse until she grows older, whereas the Hanbalis believe she should be handed over to her husband if she has reached nine years of age, based on the marriage of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, to Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, when she was this age.