What is the ruling on the military advances (material loans) given by the Salaf?
A loan that stipulates repayment with an increase is usury (riba), forbidden by scholarly consensus. If the military advance is a conditional interest-bearing loan, then it is usury and it is not permissible to deal with it, neither as a lender nor as a borrower. If it is not so, then there is no objection to it.
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