What is the ruling on the prayer and fasting of one whose gums bleed while praying and fasting, and is it permissible to kiss young relatives under the age of ten?

It is not permissible to intentionally swallow blood during prayer or at any other time. The worshiper's action of spitting out blood is valid and does not invalidate the prayer. It is not permissible for a fasting person to swallow blood. If blood enters the mouth unintentionally, it does not break the fast. If it is highly probable that the saliva contains no blood and it is swallowed, the fast remains valid. However, if the presence of blood is certain, it must be expelled. The principle of "certainty is not removed by doubt" means that doubt about the mouth being defiled does not prevent swallowing saliva, unless the presence of blood is certain. As for kissing children: If the child is a mahram (unmarriageable kin), there is no objection. If the child is not a mahram but is not yet discerning, there is no harm. However, if the child has reached the age of discernment or become an adolescent, one must observe hijab in front of them and refrain from kissing them, as Al-Nawawi holds that an adolescent may be regarded similarly to an adult looking at a non-mahram woman if the 'awrat (private parts) are exposed.