What is the ruling on female genital mutilation, and how accurate is it that it is an inherited custom with no basis in Islamic law, and does it have physical and psychological harms?

Circumcision is not an inherited custom; rather, it is a divine law upon whose permissibility scholars have reached a consensus, and none of them has ever deemed it impermissible. Its permissibility has been established by authentic hadiths from the Prophet, peace be upon him, including the hadith "The Fitra is five," which encompasses circumcision for both males and females, and the hadith, "When he sits between her four branches and al-khitan touches al-khitan, ghusl becomes obligatory," which indicates female circumcision. Scholars have differed regarding its ruling, with three opinions: obligatory for both males and females (Shafi'is and Hanbalis), sunnah for both males and females (Hanafis and Malikis), and obligatory for males and a commendable honor for females (a third opinion from Imam Ahmad and some Malikis). As for some doctors denying circumcision under the pretext of its harm, this is incorrect. For Muslims, the mere establishment of something from the Prophet, peace be upon him, is sufficient to believe in its benefits. Some of its medical benefits for females have been mentioned, and prominent contemporary scholars have affirmed its permissibility and rejected the notion of its prohibition.