How is Zakat calculated on bank financing and installment trade loans, knowing that the profits have been spent, and is Zakat calculated on money loaned to others that has not been fully repaid?

Zakat is obligatory on all wealth that reaches the nisab (minimum threshold) and on which a full lunar year (hawl) has passed. Its amount is 2.5%. Expenses incurred during the year are not subject to zakat.

If zakat is not paid on time, it does not become void. It must be paid immediately. If you do not know the exact amount, estimate it based on your best judgment. Zakat does not become void due to ignorance, the passage of time, or voluntary charity (sadaqa mustahabbah).

Debts you owe are deducted from the zakatable amount if you do not have other assets to cover them. However, if you have surplus wealth, allocate it to cover the debt and do not deduct the debt from your zakatable wealth.

Debts owed to you by others are subject to zakat. If the debtor is in financial difficulty or procrastinating, then pay zakat on the money for one year when you receive it.

Profits from money invested in trade are zakatable along with the principal amount.