What is the ruling on one who remains in the land of disbelief or travels to it, then is coerced into disbelief, while expecting coercion without certainty?

If disbelievers compel a Muslim to disbelieve, and he resides in their land, he does not become a disbeliever by that, provided the compulsion meets its conditions; this is based on the Almighty's saying: {Whoever disbelieves in Allah after his belief, except for him who is compelled [to do so] while his heart is at peace with faith}.

As for remaining in disbelieving lands without making hijrah (emigration), despite being able to do so, it is a grave disobedience and a major sin. Its perpetrator is considered to have wronged himself, but it does not amount to disbelief that expels one from the fold of Islam, as stated in the Almighty’s saying: {Indeed, those whom the angels take in death while they are wronging themselves}.

However, if one travels to disbelieving lands knowing or strongly suspecting that he will be compelled to disbelieve, his situation is problematic, and the sin of not performing hijrah remains.