What is the criterion for the width of the sleeves of the شرعي (Islamically lawful) garment, especially from the elbow to the end of the hand, and what should one do if the sleeves cling to the body upon movement?

A loose garment is one that does not describe the size of a limb, whereas a tight one is that which shows and defines the size of the limb, whether due to its thinness or tightness. If the garment you are wearing does not describe the size of the limb, then it is covering and there is no objection to it, and it is not a condition that it be very loose. There is no blame if clothes stick to a limb due to movement or wind.