How does one differentiate between purity from menstruation by dryness and the continued flow of blood or intermittent brown discharge, and what is the ruling on continuous yellow discharge, and is it obligatory to perform ablution for every prayer, including supererogatory ones, and is it permissible to delay the ritual bath for a full day after seeing signs of purity, and what is the ruling on making up prayers missed due to menstruation?

Purity is recognized by one of two signs: dryness (the cotton swab coming out clean), or the white discharge. If blood returns after purity, it is considered menstruation as long as it occurs within a timeframe suitable for menstruation. However, yellowish or brownish discharges are not considered menstruation after seeing the sign of purity. One must perform ghusl (ritual bath) immediately upon seeing the sign of purity, though it is permissible to delay for half a day or a day to ensure the bleeding has stopped. Yellowish discharge is not considered menstruation unless it is connected to blood and occurs during the menstrual period. After purity, one should cleanse oneself from it (istinjar) and perform ablution (wudu) for prayer. If the yellowish discharge is continuous, you must perform ablution for the time of each obligatory prayer. Scholars differ on making up prayers that were overtaken by menstruation. Ibn Taymiyyah holds the view that making them up is not obligatory. If you wish to make them up as a precaution, it must be done immediately.