How can the Qibla be determined by the sun?

The Qibla can be determined by the sun in several ways: The first is by knowing the direction from which it rises or sets. This is useful for someone who knows the direction of their Qibla relative to the four cardinal directions. The second method, which is modern, relies on the phenomenon of the sun being directly overhead Mecca twice a year (May 28th and July 16th). At these two moments, the sun is directly above the Kaaba, so whoever sees it is facing the Qibla. There are two other days (November 28th and January 13th) when the sun is directly overhead the point opposite the Kaaba on the other side of the Earth. In these instances, the Qibla is in the exact opposite direction of the sun.