Does divorce occur if the wife goes to her parents' house, after her husband, in a state of extreme anger, said to her: "By divorce, you are not leaving my house to go to our country," and then claimed that he did not intend divorce, but rather made a mistake in wording and meant another oath?

Anger does not prevent the occurrence of divorce unless it deprives its owner of perception and overwhelms his mind. If a husband swears by divorce without intention, and his tongue slips into it, then divorce does not occur. And the husband's statement in this matter is a matter of religion between him and Allah, so if he knows from himself that there was no intention, then divorce does not occur.