Is expiation paid for making up missed Ramadan fasts from many years, given the inability to fast due to old age? And does the obligation to make up the fasts fall away after performing Hajj? And is sincere repentance and seeking forgiveness sufficient?

A Muslim must learn the rulings of the Shari'ah. The mother must repent and seek forgiveness for her negligence in learning the obligatory knowledge. She must make up the days she missed fasting due to postpartum bleeding (nifas). She should determine their number and make up what will ensure certainty or strong presumption of clearing her obligation. She is not required to pay a fidyah for delaying the make-up fasts due to her ignorance of the ruling. The fatwa that she must constantly fast on Mondays and Thursdays has no basis; rather, she only needs to make up the days she missed. If she is unable to make up the fasts due to old age or an incurable illness, she must feed one poor person for each day. Her Hajj does not negate her obligation to make up what she missed by fasting if she is able, or by feeding if she is unable. She is not allowed to suffice with expiation if she is able to make up the fasts. Frequent seeking of forgiveness and sincere repentance will expiate her for the consequences of her negligence in learning what was obligatory for her to learn.