Is it permissible to use wastewater, before and after treatment, to irrigate crops, trees, and fruits?
It is permissible to use sewage water for irrigating farms and trees, whether before or after purification, because the characteristic of impurity ultimately transforms into a desirable characteristic. This is the view of the majority of scholars.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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