What is the ruling on wiping over two socks worn one over the other, if they were both put on while in a state of purity, and does ablution become invalidated by removing one of the two socks after having wiped over them?

It is permissible to wipe over the outer sock if it was put on while in a state of purity, even if the inner sock is torn. This is the opinion of the majority of scholars.

As for removing the outer sock after having wiped over it, the state of purity becomes invalid according to the majority of scholars, and it is not permissible to continue wiping over the inner sock. There is another opinion that permits this, but the first opinion is more cautious.