How can the Almighty’s sayings: "Are you not to worship Satan?" and "Have you seen he who has taken his god as his own desire?" be understood in the context of using them as evidence for ruling by other than what Allah has revealed, and considering whoever rules by his own desire to be a disbeliever, and that everyone who disobeys Allah has followed his own desire and followed Satan, and that disobedience – even if minor – can reach polytheism, knowing that the worship of Satan is not necessarily sacrificing or praying to him?

If a servant obeys Satan in a sin, he is disobedient to Allah. If he obeys him in disbelief (kufr), he is a disbeliever and outside the fold of Islam. Similarly, if he follows his whims (hawa) in sin, he is disobedient; and if he follows them in disbelief, he is a disbeliever. Not every obedience to whims or to Satan is disbelief; rather, some of it is sin and some of it is disbelief. The mentioned verses came in the context of addressing the polytheists who followed their whims and their satans in disbelief in Allah. As for ruling by other than what Allah has revealed, some of it is major disbelief (kufr akbar), and some of it is minor disbelief (kufr duna kufr).