What are the characteristics of the footwear upon which it is permissible to wipe, and are modern socks made of cotton, wool, and other types of fabric what is intended by wiping over the khuffayn?

There are five conditions for wiping over socks (جورب): they must cover the obligatory area (for ablution), be thick enough so that the skin is not visible through them, be durable enough for continuous walking, and be permissible and pure. If these conditions are met, it is permissible to wipe over them if they were put on after a complete state of purity (ablution). In the Arabic language, "جورب" refers to anything worn on the foot made of wool, cotton, or other materials. It has been reported in hadith that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, wiped over his socks, and the noble Companions also did so.