Is it permissible for a Muslim woman to wear "sabo" clogs that expose the heel, knowing that she will wear black socks that cover the heel, and is there any prophetic prohibition against wearing sandals that expose the heel?

There is no impediment for a Muslim woman to wear sabots that reveal theels, provided she covers what appears of her body with socks or the like. This is because it is obligatory that none of her 'awrah be uncovered. Allah Almighty says: "And not display of their adornment except only that which is apparent."