Is it intended by Ishmael being the father of the Arabs and Adnan (being the father of) many of the tribes, that every Arab is from the progeny of Ishmael, and many of the tribes are from Adnan? And how does that reconcile with the presence of peoples in the Arabian Peninsula before Ishmael, and what are the sources from the Quran or Hadith that confirm this?

Genealogists have agreed that all Arabs trace their lineage back to two main branches: Adnan and Qahtan. Adnan is, without dispute, a descendant of Ishmael (peace be upon him). As for Qahtan, there is disagreement concerning his lineage. Some scholars hold that he is not a descendant of Ishmael, basing their argument on ahadith that differentiate between Adnanite and Qahtanite Arabs in terms of Ishmaelite lineage. Others maintain that he is a descendant of Ishmael, relying on the hadith (definition) "Shoot, O Sons of Ishmael," addressed to some Yemeni tribes. However, this latter interpretation has been weakened because it is possible that it refers to lineage through mothers, or that it applies only to these specific tribes and not others. As for Quda'a, there is disagreement as to whether their lineage is from Adnan or Qahtan. In summary, the remaining Arabs trace their ancestry back to Adnan, Qahtan, and Quda'a, and there is nothing in the sacred texts that invalidates this.