What is the kinship relation between Qahtan and Adnan, and is it true that they only meet in the lineage of Sam, son of Noah (peace be upon him)? Does this mean that Adnanis are more closely related by lineage and blood to Jews than Qahtanis?

There is no disagreement among genealogists and historians that Adnan was a descendant of Ishmael (peace be upon him), and that his lineage is sound and agreed upon up to Adnan, while what comes after him is disputed.

As for Qahtan, there are several differing opinions regarding his lineage: 1. That he was a descendant of Ishmael, and his lineage meets Adnan's at Ishmael (peace be upon him). This opinion was chosen by Al-Bukhari and favored by Ibn Hajar. They cited the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "Shoot, O sons of Ishmael, for your father was a marksman." 2. That he is traced back to Iram, or to Eber, and meets Adnan's lineage at Shem bin Noah.

However, Ibn Hazm definitively ruled out Qahtan being a descendant of Ishmael, explaining this by stating that the Prophet (peace be upon him) specifically distinguished Banu Al-Anbar for emancipation from Banu Ishmael.

As for the relationship between the Adnani Arabs and the Jews, Banu Israel (Jews) and the Adnani Arabs meet in the lineage of Abraham (peace be upon him). The Arabs are from Banu Ishmael, and the Jews are from Banu Israel (Jacob son of Isaac), and Abraham is their common ancestor.

Therefore, if Qahtan was a descendant of Ishmael, then the Adnanis are closer in lineage to the Qahtanis than to Banu Israel. However, if Qahtan was not a descendant of Ishmael, then the Adnanis are closer in lineage to Banu Israel than to the Qahtanis.