Is it obligatory to complete the verse of prostration and perform the prostration of recitation (Sujud al-Tilawah) then bow, or is it permissible to stop before it and suffice with bowing as a completion of the Raka'ah, and is there any detestability in that?

There is no reprehensibility in your stopping before the verse of prostration and bowing; for not completing the surah in a single raka'ah is not reprehensible, even in an obligatory prayer. If you do not recite the verse of prostration, you are not required to prostrate at all. If you recite it before bowing and prostrate, it is recommended for you to recite something from the Quran after rising from the prostration of recitation and before bowing. If you stand upright and then bow without reciting, it is permissible.